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Virtualizing Internet-of-Things (IoT) services is a concept of dynamically building customized high-level IoT services that rely on the real-time data streams flowing from low-level standalone IoT devices. IoT service virtualization is essential when a myriads of IoT devices can get online, interact with each other, exchange data, and based on them create one’s own service. Especially, when virtualization occurs across multiple externals domains, it is crucial for clients to verify the source of virtual services, i.e., whether they are built based on authentic original service sources. Also, original services’ sources must be constantly aware of the identity of entities who (recursively) virtualize their services. To address these issues, this paper proposes IoT service dependency tree (SDT) validation scheme. SDT uses service dependency trees and dependency signature trees, which enable clients to validate the original sources …