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Ad-hoc networks are perceived as communities of autonomous devices that interconnect with each other. Typically, they have dynamic topologies and cannot rely on a continuous connection to the Internet. Users' devices often do not have a priori knowledge of each other and cannot rely upon pre-existing shared information. This introduces difficult security issues when attempting to provide authentication, membership management and access control. Designing a framework, which allows the secure establishment and management of ad-hoc communities, remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel policy-based security framework to facilitate the establishment, evolution and management of mobile ad-hoc networks. We introduce a community specification, called doctrine, which defines the roles of the participants in the community, the characteristics that participants must exhibit in order to …