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The postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT) component of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) is composed of two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials in postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years at initial screening, testing the effects of estrogen alone (E-alone) and estrogen plus progestin (E P) on coronary heart disease (CHD) as the primary outcome, hip and other fractures and colorectal cancer as secondary outcomes, and pulmonary embolism, breast and endometrial cancers as potential risks. The design and rationale of the PHT trials, including general eligibility and exclusion criteria and considerations regarding sample size and statistical power, have been described previously (1).

Postmenopausal hormones have been initiated in menopausal women for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms, mood disturbances, vaginal dryness, and prevention of rapid bone loss for several decades …