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Methods

The research was designed as a prospective, multicentre, global experiment, pre–post intervention trial carried out at Rhode Island Hospital, Rush Medical Center and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi. Family members of ICU patients who had predicted a mortality rate of 30% within the first 24 hours of admission were recruited. Patient enrolment was conducted at the usual (pre) phase between September 2015 and 2016 and following the intervention (post) phase (February 2016 to March 2017). The intervention was focussing on seven domains including the five physical senses, the personal care of the patient and the spirituality of the patient and family. This information was incorporated into an information booklet detailing the resources for engaging in patient treatment during their ICU stay—this booklet was then provided to the participants. Data were obtained after enrolment and by …