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Objectives: Although individual-level socioeconomic status is associated with poor outcomes, less is known regarding how the social context might affect cognitive outcomes. We examined the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) on baseline cognitive function and trajectories of decline.

Methods: The sample (N = 480) came from a longitudinal cohort recruited to study cognitive function. Mixed effects models examined the influence of NSES on baseline and rate of change in executive function, semantic memory, and episodic memory.

Results: NSES was positively associated with semantic memory scores at baseline, but not with executive function or episodic memory in adjusted models, nor was it associated with cognitive change in longitudinal analyses. In exploratory analyses, for individuals with dementia, those with higher NSES declined faster in executive function and semantic memory than did …