作者
Mathew N Nicholas, Sara R Hogan, Michael S Kaminer, Jeffrey S Dover
发表日期
2022/5/1
期刊
Advances in Cosmetic Surgery
卷号
5
期号
1
页码范围
37-51
出版商
Elsevier
简介
Over the past decade, the demand for noninvasive cosmetic procedures has steadily increased [1]. Compared with surgical treatments, nonsurgical neck rejuvenation treatments can improve features of neck aging for patients while having less down time and risk of adverse effects. This review is an updated abridged version of a previously published work that outlines our approach to nonsurgical neck rejuvenation and summarizes the evidence published for each technique to achieve the best clinical result [2]. Neck rejuvenation aims to reverse the visible effects of aging. Skin aging is influenced by intrinsic factors, including ethnicity and hormonal changes, and extrinsic factors, including smoking and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure [3]. Pigmentary changes are closely associated with UVR exposure, regardless of age, whereas rhytids are strongly associated with increasing age [4]. Age leads to fragmentation …
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MN Nicholas, SR Hogan, MS Kaminer, JS Dover - Advances in Cosmetic Surgery, 2022