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Individuals who use adaptive technology products will have different learning experiences due to differences in background knowledge. The Yixue intelligent learning system is a computer-based learning environment that adapts content and guidance to individualize learning. Using K-means clustering on data collected from 206 middle school students (72440 records) who interacted with the mathematics learning system, we created three clusters of students based on prior achievement: high, medium, and low. These three clusters were not significantly associated with students’ gain scores, which implies that the learning system was able to help students from different achievement levels learn equally well. We discuss implications for supporting mathematics learning using adaptive systems for Chinese students.