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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surgical weight loss on chronic kidney disease (CKD), retinopathy, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in people with severe obesity.

We completed a prospective cohort study of participants with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery. At baseline and at 2 years following bariatric surgery, participants had outcome measurements and underwent metabolic phenotyping. The updated National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria were used to define the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components. The primary outcome for CKD was the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), retinopathy was mean deviation on frequency doubling technology testing, and CAN was the expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio.