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Prior literature emphasizes the distinct roles of differently affiliated venture capitalists (VCs) in nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship. Although China has become the second largest VC market in the world, the unavailability of high-quality datasets on VC affiliation in China’s market hinders such research efforts. To fill up this important gap, we compiled a new panel dataset of VC affiliation in China’s market from multiple data sources. Specifically, we drew on a list of 6,553 VCs that have invested in China between 2000 and 2016 from CVSource database, collected VC’s shareholder information from public sources, and developed a multi-stage procedure to label each VC as the following types: GVC (public agency-affiliated, state-owned enterprise-affiliated), CVC (corporate VC), IVC (independent VC), BVC (bank-affiliated VC), FVC (financial/non-bank-affiliated VC), UVC (university endowment/spin-out unit …