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The American Sociological Association embraced the social construction of race as the official conceptual approach to explaining race. Based on the theory of the social construction of race—also noted as racial constructivism, social perceptions of race develop and evolve at the behest of sociopolitical influences. Research provides deep insight into health outcomes based on self-identified race, but the literature ephemerally discusses the association between a person’s perceived race and healthcare outcomes. This dissertation examines the best ways to detect the social construction of race in medicine through quantitative analysis of racial dimensions of self-identified, observed race, and racial congruence.