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The history of environmental law provides as good of an example as any other field in regulatory law of how successful prescriptive regulation has been at meeting public policy objectives and how difficult it will be to extend that experience much further into the future. For decades so-called" commandand-control" regulation has picked the low-hanging fruit-in environmental law, for example, it has targeted emissions from smokestacks and discharge pipes, disposal of wastes in landfills, transportation of hazardous chemicals, and similar discrete, easily-identified sources of environmental harm. Even the most conservative cost-benefit analyses confirm that many of these initiatives were smashing successes. 1 Our nation's air