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Objective:

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification has been shown to reduce the reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells. However, it is currently unknown whether this effect is maintained after discontinuation of the intensifying drug.

Design:

The effect of ART intensification during 48 weeks with maraviroc or raltegravir in chronically HIV-1-infected patients was assessed in two previous clinical trials. In this study, we analysed this effect at week 24 after discontinuation of the intensifying drugs, at baseline and 48 weeks of intensification.

Methods:

We measured the latently infected memory CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent virus, 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles and CD4+/CD8+ T cells activation.

Results:

Fifteen patients were evaluated. After 48 weeks of intensification, HIV-1 reservoir size significantly decreased from 1.1 to 0.0 infectious units per million (IUPM)(P= 0.004). After 24 weeks of drug …