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In view of the fact that mucosal damage associated with HIV‐1 infection leads to microbial translocation despite successful antiretroviral treatment, we analysed microbial translocation and expression of the gut‐homing β7 receptor on peripheral T cells in HIV‐1‐infected individuals.

Fifteen long‐term suppressed HIV‐1‐infected patients, of whom seven had their treatment intensified with maraviroc and eight with raltegravir, were included in the study. Samples at baseline, at week 48 of intensification, and at weeks 12 and 24 after deintensification were analysed for soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS‐binding protein, gut‐homing β7 receptor and T‐cell subsets.

The increases in both microbial translocation and expression of the gut‐homing β7 receptor on activated CD8 T cells found during maraviroc intensification were reduced after deintensification. Moreover, the …