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Objectives:

The absence of direct clinical symptoms clearly associated to HTLV-2 infection may partially explain an underestimate of the real HTLV-2 prevalence rate and its effects in patients concurrently infected with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hence, to date, the influence of HTLV-2 on hepatic fibrosis has been poorly studied.

Design:

Retrospective study to clarify the influence of HTLV-2 infection in HCV infection and hepatic fibrosis among patients co-infected with HIV-1.

Methods:

This is a comparative cohort study including 39 HTLV-2–HIV-1–HCV co-infected patients and 42 HIV-1–HCV co-infected patients conducted in a tertiary care hospital. They were evaluated for transaminase levels, hepatic fibrosis stage, interleukin (IL)-28B genotype, Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine levels, immune activation, inflammation, and microbial translocation.

Results:

HTLV-2–HIV-1–HCV co-infected patients had lower alanine …