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Purpose: Cartilage calcification (CC) is involved in Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and associated with cartilage degeneration. So far, the initial mechanisms of CC are not clear. It has previously been described that the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR and especially C5aR are involved in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Thus, we suggested that the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, released after cartilage trauma and subsequent complement activation, are involved in the initiation of cartilage mineralization. Therefore, we investigated the influence of C3a and C5a during chondrogenic (CD) and osteogenic differentiation (OD) of human articular chondrocytes (hAC). Additionally, we studied the influence of AT on the OD of MSC or cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPC), which is relevant in regards to posttraumatic cartilage regeneration.

Methods: Macroscopically intact human …