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Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a common cause of preventable mental retardation, and the quantification of intellectual disability due to CHT is needed to assess the public health benefit of newborn screening.

Review of published studies conducted among children born prior to the introduction of newborn screening for CHT and reporting cognitive test scores.

Population-based studies.

Children with clinically diagnosed CHT.

Thyroid hormone substitution.

Intelligence quotient (IQ) (mean and distribution).

The prevalence of recognised CHT rose from one in 6500 prior to screening to approximately one in 3000 with screening. In four population-based studies in high-income countries, among children with clinically diagnosed CHT 8–28% were classified as having intellectual disability (defined as an IQ <70) and the mean IQ …