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Phytonanotechnology is a branch of science that deals with the green synthesis of nanoparticles from bioactive compounds present in plants and the utilization of these nanoparticles as a delivery system for effective therapeutics. This novel technology has attracted considerable interest owing to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and use of non-toxic plant biocomponents. Plant-based nanoparticles are safer and less toxic and can deliver a broad range of therapeutic components to the target site. The delivery of therapeutic molecules with the aid of plant-based nanoparticles has shown promising outcomes against life-threatening diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. This technique overcomes the limitations of traditional drug delivery systems and increases the availability of therapeutics at the target site, with minimal side effects. This chapter summarizes the …