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Up to 80% of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients suffer from concurrent vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) resulting in multi‐etiology dementia. VCID (the 2nd leading cause of dementia) is more common in men throughout most of the lifespan. while the majority (approximately 2/3) of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients are women. Ageing is a main dementia risk factor which may act through the depletion of sex hormones. Both testosterone, in men, and estrogen, in women, have been shown to be neuroprotective. In this study we examine the effect of gonadal hormones on cognitive changes in a mouse model of multi etiology dementia using the App^{NL‐F/NL‐F} knock‐in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model that does not overexpress amyloid precursor protein.

5‐6 months old App ^{NL‐F/NL‐F} mice were subjected to gonadectomy or sham surgery and left to …