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Psychoradiology is an emerging discipline at the intersection between radiology and psychiatry. It applies radiological technologies to unveil patterns of anatomic and functional brain changes in patients with psychiatric disorders in vivo. It holds promise for playing a key role in clinical diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response, prediction of prognosis, and illness risk prediction for patients with psychiatric disorders. 1 Although psychoradiology was formally described by Lui and colleagues in 2016, 1 the idea of developing imaging biomarkers for psychiatric disorders dates back to 1976, when the first study revealed an enlarged ventricular size in patients with schizophrenia. 2

Gong and colleagues and other investigators have since developed the psychoradiological hypothesis of mental disorders, theorizing that brain structural and functional connectivity alterations lead to clinical symptoms and syndromes. 1, 3–5 …