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Soil pollution, influenced by both the natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, six hazardous elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb) in 12 different land-use urban soils from Bangladesh were assessed. The ranges of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in studied soils were 2.4–1258, 8.3–1044, 9.7–823, 8.7–277, 1.8–80 and 13–842 mg/kg, respectively. More than 70% of soil samples exceeded the Dutch target value for Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb concentration in soil, indicating a potential risk to the environment. Certain indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (C_fⁱ), were used to assess the ecological risk posed by hazardous elements in soils. The mean range of PLI was 1.5–10, indicating progressive deterioration of soil due to metal contamination. However, the C_fⁱ values of Cd ranged from 3.7 to 35 revealed that the …