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The triglyceride content of skeletal muscle samples determined by lipid extraction correlates with the severity of insulin-resistant glucose metabolism in muscle. To determine whether this reflects increased triglyceride within muscle fibers and to test the-hypothesis that the lipid content in muscle fibers is increased in obesity, the present study was undertaken using quantitative histochemistry of Oil Red 0 staining of vastus lateralis muscle. A percutaneous muscle biopsy was performed in 9 lean subjects, 15 obese subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and 10 obese subjects with type 2 DM (body mass index [BMI], 23 .4 ± 1 .0, 33 .6 ± 0 .6, and 36.0 ± 1.1 kg. M⁻² for lean, obese, and DM, respectively). Eight obese and 7 DM subjects had a weight loss and reassessment of muscle lipid content. Transverse muscle cryosections were examined by light microscopy with quantitative image analysis (grayscale …