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The objective of the present study was to investigate the biochemical pharmacology of 2-chloro-2′-arabino-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (CAFdA) — a fluorinated analogue of cladribine [2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine, Leustatin (CdA)] with improved acid and metabolic stability — in human leukemic cell lines and in mononuclear cells isolated from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). We have also made and characterized two cell lines that are not sensitive to the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of CAFdA. Incubation of cells isolated from the blood of CLL and AML patients with various concentrations of CdA or of CAFdA accumulated CdA and CAFdA nucleotides in a dose-dependent manner. A significantly higher rate of phosphorylation to monophosphates was observed for CAFdA than for CdA in cells from CLL patients (n = 14; P = 0.04). The differences …