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In investigating the interrelations of plasma acetate with glucose metabolism, we established that fasting plasma acetate levels (mmol/1) were greater in the diabetic than non-diabetic individuals (p < 0.001). Plasma acetate and glucose levels correlated in all subjects (non-diabetic and diabetic) as a whole (r_s 0.28, p < 0.0001) and in the diabetics alone (r_s 0.35, p < 0.001). After i.v. glucose (20 g/m² body surface area), plasma acetate levels increased further in the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Plasma acetate also increased when non-diabetic individuals consumed 75 g oral glucose. Moreover, while plasma acetate levels had returned to fasting values by 90 min in the non-diabetic subjects after oral and i.v. glucose, levels remained elevated in the diabetics after i.v. glucose. The K rate constant of glucose elimination after i.v. glucose in the diabetics correlated negatively with acetate values at many time …