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Perinatal inflammation exposure represents an additional risk factor for impaired developmental trajectory in preterm infants. 3 This additional risk is not only due to the association of perinatal inflammation with cerebral haemorrhage and white matter injury, 4 but also to the neuronal toxicity of supra-physiological serum concentrations of interleukin-1 beta observed in this situation. 5 Even in preterm children without severe neonatal brain injury, perinatal inflammation remains independently associated with decreased motor and social abilities at 30 months of corrected age. 3 EEG is the primary tool for functional evaluation of brain activity in preterm infants hospitalised within the neonatal unit. Serial longitudinal EEG recordings before term age can accurately assess brain maturation in preterm infants, and identify infants with an unfavourable early developmental trajectory. 6 This identification is crucial to provide …