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ContextIncreasing evidence supports the hypothesis of a causal association between certain bacterial infections and increased risk of developing acute myocardial infarction. If such a causal association exists, subjects who used antibiotics active against the bacteria, regardless of indication, might be at lower risk of developing acute myocardial infarction than nonusers.ObjectiveTo determine whether previous use of antibiotics decreases the risk of developing a first-time acute myocardial infarction.DesignPopulation-based case-control analysis.SettingThe United Kingdom–based General Practice Research Database comprising 350 general practices.PatientsA total of 3315 case patients aged 75 years or younger with a diagnosis of first-time acute myocardial infarction between 1992 and 1997 and 13,139 controls without myocardial infarction matched to cases for age, sex, general practice attended, and calendar …