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We explored the Medicare database (1999 to 2014) to provide a comprehensive assessment of testosterone therapy patterns in the older U.S. male population.

We estimated annual age-standardized incidence (new users) and prevalence (existing users) of testosterone therapy according to demographic characteristics, comorbidities and potential indications.

There were 392,698 incident testosterone therapy users during 88 million person-years. Testosterone therapy users were predominantly younger, white nonHispanic, and located in South and West U.S. Census regions. On average testosterone therapy use increased dramatically during 2007 to 2014 (average annual percent change 15.5%), despite a decrease in 2014. In 2014 the most common recorded potential indications for any testosterone therapy were hypogonadism (48%), fatigue (18%), erectile dysfunction (15 …