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In this study, we surveyed the long term effects of liming and fertilizing in old Scots pine stands on the ectomycorrhiza (ECM) colonization, tree growth and needle nutrient concentration 35 years later. Four mature stands of Scots pine on low productive mineral soil were limed in 1959 and 1964 with total doses of limestone ranging from 3 to 15 Mg ha⁻¹ and fertilized with nitrogen (N) in 1970. Thirty-five years after the first liming treatment, all stands were analysed for tree growth and needle nutrient concentrations and two of the stands were also analysed for ECM colonization. ECM colonization increased significantly with liming from 61.5% in the control plots to 88% in the plot with the highest limestone dose. ECM colonization increased with increasing pH in the humus layer from 62% colonization at pH = 3.5 to 90% at pH = 6.5 and decreased with increasing amount of extractable phosphorus (P) in the …