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Previous analyses of the Limburg Cancer registry (LIKAR) indicated the existence of a geographical cluster of bladder cancer incidence, particularly transitional cell carcinomas, amongst males in the surrounding area of the Belgian cities Hasselt and Alken. In subsequent ecologic analyses no risk factors were identified which could explain the existence of this cluster. Therefore, a case-control study has been started in the province of Limburg to explore the determinants of the cluster. In the coming years, the following determinants will be investigated: socio-demographic characteristics (eg age, sex, socio-economic status), life style factors (smoking, alcohol and diet), occupational expo-