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The Government of Indonesia launched the village-based midwife programme in 1989 in response to maternal mortality of over 400 per 100 000 livebirths and neonatal mortality of 32 per 1000 livebirths. 1, 2 The goal of the programme was to place a skilled birth attendant in every village to provide antenatal and perinatal care, family planning, other reproductive health services, and nutrition counselling. The attendants were also to facilitate basic primary health-care services, including immunisation and nutrition interventions. Lessons from the programme are particularly timely for 68 priority countries in Countdown, many of which are attempting to scale up skilled birth