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Plants undergo stress when their metabolism, growth or development are affected by unfavorable conditions. If the adverse circumstances are related to environmental factors, the stress is classified as abiotic. Plants are capable of recognizing stress signals and triggering diverse response mechanisms through the activation of appropriate genetic pathways. One of the most important mechanisms of plant stress response involves the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, including several examples of industrial relevant molecules such as flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. In this manner, the manipulation of environmental factors could be employed as a means for the enhanced production of important metabolites during plant tissue culture. This review aims to present an overview of key abiotic stress conditions, specifically water, light, atmospheric gases and temperature, that can be used toward …