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The inactivation of four different microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus mycoides, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, inoculated in simulated (SWW) and real winery wastewaters (RWW), was assessed by the first time using free sulphate and hydroxyl radicals from photolytic (UV-A LED radiation; 370 nm) and metal [Fe(II) or Co(II)] activation of peroxymonosulphate (PMS). The experimental conditions tested were [PMS] = 0.1 mM and [Fe(II) or Co(II)] = 0.1 mM and pH 5.0 for the inactivation of microorganisms in SWW. However, due to the complexity of the water matrix, not unexpectedly, a fivefold concentration of reagents was required to inactivate the same organisms in RWW. In addition, compared to the bacteria, the fungus C. albicans presented a higher oxidative stress resistance to the treatments, and different experimental conditions were necessary to inactivate these cells.

After 90 min, the …