作者
Muhammad Fawad Khan, Limei Peng, Pin-Han Ho
发表日期
2024/3/1
期刊
Computers and Electrical Engineering
卷号
114
页码范围
109072
出版商
Pergamon
简介
This paper investigates the achievable rates of multiple intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multi-hop communications by exploring the impact of three-dimensional (3D) IRS orientation, represented by elevation and azimuth angles relative to the base station (BS). We first formulate the problem as the joint optimization of the deployment location, 3D orientation, phase shift of IRSs, and power allocation of users, with the goal of maximizing the sum achievable rate. To address this problem, our approach involves the development of a novel algorithm, named deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), which leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL). This algorithm iteratively interacts with the environment, employing a trial-and-error process to improve its performance. The simulation results demonstrate a significant performance improvement achieved by optimizing the IRS orientation compared to other …
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