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Unrelated-donor umbilical cord blood is a useful alternative hematopoietic stem cell source for patients without suitably matched and readily available related or unrelated stem cell donors. Expectant parents today may have the option of either donating the cord blood to a public cord blood bank or keeping and storing the cord blood in a private bank for potential use in the future. The alternatives are often referred to as public banking and private banking. On behalf of the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT), we have reviewed the currently available data and opinions and offer the following recommendations: The committee acknowledges the expanding potential of indications for cord blood in the future, and suggests review of these recommendations at regular intervals.