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This paper (i) reviews temperature/development rate relationships in plants and poikilothermic invertebrates, (ii) argues that the relationship is often linear over much of the range up to the thermal optimum (T_o) and provides a possible mechanism, (iii) provides evidence of a trade‐off between the base temperature (T_b) and the thermal constant (DD) that enables each species to adapt to its thermal environment, and (iv) indicates some of the practical and ecological implications. Where a linear relationship has been characterised it is possible to estimate the base temperature for development (T_b, expressed in °C) and the thermal constant for development (DD, the reciprocal of the temperature coefficient (a), expressed in degree [°C] days accumulated above T_b). A possible basis for the linear relationship between rate and temperature is proposed based on the Arrhenius and Sharpe‐Schoolfield equations involving …