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To evaluate the benefit of mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in reducing premalignant gastric lesions.

Mass eradication of H pylori infection was started from 2004 for a Taiwanese population with prevalent H pylori infection, who were >30 years of age. Participants positive for the ¹³C-urea breath test underwent endoscopic screening and 1-week clarithromycin-based triple therapy. For subjects whose initial treatment failed, 10-day levofloxacin-based triple therapy was administered. The main outcome measures were changes in the prevalence of H pylori infection and premalignant gastric lesions, and changes in the incidence of premalignant gastric lesions and gastric cancer before (1995–2003) and after (2004–2008) chemoprevention using various comparators.

The reduction in H pylori infection was 78.7% (95% CI 76.8% to 80.7%), and the estimated incidence of re …