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We present a systematic overview of the literature on reported cases of chylous pericardial effusion in adults over the past 10 years, assessing clinical presentation, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

We conducted an evidence-based literature review searching for all reported adult cases of chylopericardium in the past 10 years (January 1996–December 2006).

A total of 33 reported cases of chylopericardium were identified through a systematic literature search. There was no gender bias in the incidence of chylous pericardial effusion. Age at diagnosis varied from 18 to 68 years with a mean ± standard deviation of 36.78 ± 14.71 years. Time from symptom onset to diagnosis was variable (ranging from acute presentation to several years).The most common reported etiology was idiopathic. The diagnosis was made by pericardiocentesis in all patients. A search for secondary …