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We describe a well-preserved cranium of one of the earliest aeluroid carnivorans from the Quercy Phosphorites, southwestern France. The structure of the auditory region (auditory bulla with two chambers separated by a true septum, prominent ventral process of promontorium with facet for the posterior wall of the ectotympanic) reveals that it belongs to a primitive viverrid-like group called ‘stenoplesictoids’, and more precisely to the genus Stenoplesictis. Using high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography, we reconstructed for the first time virtual endocranial structures (brain endocast, stapes, and bony labyrinths) of a ‘stenoplesictoid’. The brain endocast has a well-developed neocortex and simple coronolateral and suprasylvian sulci, more evolved than older Carnivoramorpha and indicates a primitive step towards the extant genera. Based on the characters of the dentition and of the auditory region, we conclude that …