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Posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in the fine-tuning of TLR-mediated inflammatory response. The cytokine-inducible Src homology 2-containing protein (CIS), one member of the suppressors of cytokine signaling family of proteins, is an important negative regulator for inflammatory cytokine signaling. Using in vitro models using normal human biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), we demonstrated that LPS stimulation or infection with the parasitic protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum induced expression of CIS protein without a change in CIS mRNA levels by activating the TLR signaling pathway. Of those miRNAs expressed in cholangiocytes, we found that targeting of the 3′-untranslated region of CIS by microRNA-98 (miR-98) or let-7 resulted in translational repression, but not CIS mRNA degradation. LPS stimulation or C. parvum infection decreased cholangiocyte …