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Using ancillary datasets and interpolation schemes, 20+ years of the Munida Time Series (MTS) observations were used to evaluate the seasonal to decadal variability in the regional carbon cycle off the southeast coast of New Zealand. The contributions of gas exchange, surface freshwater flux, physical transport processes and biological productivity to mixed layer carbon were diagnostically assessed using a mass-balanced surface ocean model. The seasonal and interannual variability in this region is dominated by horizontal advection of water with higher dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration primarily transported by the Southland Current, a unique feature in this western boundary current system. The large advection term is primarily balanced by net community production and calcium carbonate production, maintaining a net sink for atmospheric CO2 with a mean flux of 0.84±0.62 mol C m -2 y -1 …