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NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA (NP) is an infection of lung parenchyma that could happen at least 48 hours after admission in hospital. After urinary tract infection, it is the second most common nosocomial infection and is most common in Intensive Care Dnits (ICD). Incidence of NP in ICD is about 10-20%. 402 patients evaluated in EMDad and Fatemieh hospitals. Variables were age, gender, DEPRESSED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, MECHANICAL VENTILATION, nasogastric tube, thoraco-abdominal surgery and medical or surgical ICD patients visited daily. Criteria of NP were fever after 48 houres, leukocytosis, increase in pulmonary secretion and chest X-ray findings. Logistic Regression was used for analysis data. 9.2%(CI 95%; 6.4-12.0%) of patients developed NP. In patients with MECHANICAL VENTILATION and DEPRESSED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, incidence was 7.6 times and 2.7 times more than others, respectively. There was no relationship between NP and other variables. MECHANICAL VENTILATION and unconsciousness are important risk factors for NP. Thus, these patients require more and better cares. Furthermore, intervention should be avoided if patients require MECHANICAL VENTILATION meticulous aseptic care for respirator equipments and suctioning is needed.