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Context: Increased use of engineered nanoparticles may result in exposure of workers and consumers, making them a health concern.

Objective: To identify potential blood miRNA biomarkers after intravenous gold nanoparticle (AuNP) exposure.

Materials and methods: miRNA microarray analysis was carried out on blood of rats at 1 week and 2 months after injection.

Results: Many up- and downregulated miRNAs were detected. Of these, rno-miR-298 was confirmed to be increased at 1 week postinjection by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).

Discussion and conclusion: Blood miRNAs could be useful as biomarkers for exposure to nanoparticles. miR-298 regulates β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein-converting enzyme-1 (BACE1) in Alzheimer’s disease.