作者
Ilja L Bongers, Hans M Koot, Jan Van Der Ende, Frank C Verhulst
发表日期
2004/9
期刊
Child development
卷号
75
期号
5
页码范围
1523-1537
出版商
Blackwell Publishing
简介
This article describes the average and groupbased developmental trajectories of aggression, opposition, property violations, and status violations using parent reports of externalizing behaviors on a longitudinal multiple birth cohort study of 2,076 children aged 4 to 18 years. Trajectories were estimated from multilevel growth curve analyses and semiparametric mixture models. Overall, males showed higher levels of externalizing behavior than did females. Aggression, opposition, and property violations decreased on average, whereas status violations increased over time. Groupbased trajectories followed the shape of the average curves at different levels and were similar for males and females. The trajectories found in this study provide a basis against which deviations from the expected developmental course can be identified and classified as deviant or nondeviant.
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