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The unique metabolic capabilities and fast growth rates of microalgae render them promising candidates for various industrial applications, such as biofuel production, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and wastewater treatment. Metabolic engineering is a powerful approach used to enhance the sustainable production of high-value compounds in microalgae, improve their stress tolerance, growth characteristics and suitability for large-scale cultivation. This review provides a snapshot of the current state of knowledge on omics and metabolic engineering research to further enhance our understanding on microalgal metabolism and enable the development of optimized strains with improved productivity and functionality. More specifically, it focuses on the recent breakthroughs in microalgal omics, driven by advancements in genomics technologies, such as improved sequencing platforms and bioinformatics tools, that …