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This paper investigates the elastic properties of bone tissue in the adult mouse femur through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indentation with the goal of understanding its microstructure and underlying mechanics at the nano length scale. Both trabecular and cortical bone types are studied. In particular, we examined the elasticity of cortical bone and individual trabeculae in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the samples. For cortical bone, the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction was found to be 10–15% higher than that in the transverse direction; for trabecular bone, this difference was 42%. For the trabeculae, this value was found to be in a lower range (0.92±0.22 GPa). As per the transverse elastic modulus, an average of 1.58±0.36 GPa was measured for cortical bone, and 0.55±0.21 GPa for trabecular bone. The anisotropy ratio was within the range of 1.2–1.5 for cortical bone and 1.7–2 for …