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Andrew Toole
Andrew Toole
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
在 uspto.gov 的电子邮件经过验证
标题
引用次数
引用次数
年份
Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence
PA David, BH Hall, AA Toole
Research policy 29 (4-5), 497-529, 2000
28142000
The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry
AA Toole
Research Policy, 2011
360*2011
Patent protection, market uncertainty, and R&D investment
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
The Review of Economics and Statistics 93 (1), 147-159, 2011
3052011
Biomedical academic entrepreneurship through the SBIR program
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 63 (4), 716-738, 2007
2182007
Commercializing Science: Is there a university “brain drain” from academic entrepreneurship?
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki, KU Leuven, ZEW Mannheim, SOO Statistieken
Management Science 56 (9), 1599-1614, 2010
1832010
Exploring the relationship between scientist human capital and firm performance: The case of biomedical academic entrepreneurs in the SBIR program
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki
Management Science 55 (1), 101-114, 2009
1582009
Business R&D and the interplay of R&D subsidies and product market uncertainty
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
Review of Industrial Organization 31, 169-181, 2007
1492007
The evolving institutional structure of public and private agricultural research
KO Fuglie, AA Toole
American journal of agricultural economics 96 (3), 862-883, 2014
1272014
University spin-offs and the “performance premium”
D Czarnitzki, C Rammer, AA Toole
Small Business Economics 43, 309-326, 2014
1232014
Does public scientific research complement private investment in research and development in the pharmaceutical industry?
AA Toole
J. Law & Econ. 50, 81-781, 2007
1222007
Delay and secrecy: Does industry sponsorship jeopardize disclosure of academic research?
D Czarnitzki, C Grimpe, AA Toole
ZEW, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, 2011
116*2011
Knowledge creates markets: The influence of entrepreneurial support and patent rights on academic entrepreneurship
D Czarnitzki, T Doherr, K Hussinger, P Schliessler, AA Toole
European economic review 86, 131-146, 2016
1082016
The R&D investment-uncertainty relationship: Do competition and firm size matter?
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
Open Access publications from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2008
103*2008
The dynamic relationship between investments in brand equity and firm profitability: Evidence using trademark registrations
D Crass, D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
International Journal of the Economics of Business 26 (1), 157-176, 2019
742019
Identifying artificial intelligence (AI) invention: A novel AI patent dataset
AV Giczy, NA Pairolero, AA Toole
The Journal of Technology Transfer 47 (2), 476-505, 2022
712022
How does initial public financing influence private incentives for follow-on investment in early-stage technologies?
AA Toole, C Turvey
The Journal of Technology Transfer 34 (1), 43-58, 2009
712009
Is there a trade-off between academic research and faculty entrepreneurship? Evidence from US NIH supported biomedical researchers
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
Economics of Innovation and New Technology 19 (5), 505-520, 2010
402010
Individual versus institutional ownership of university-discovered inventions
D Czarnitzki, T Doherr, K Hussinger, P Schliessler, A Toole
ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, 2015
382015
The complementary roles of the public and private sectors in US agricultural research and development
JL King, AA Toole, KO Fuglie
312012
University research alliances, absorptive capacity, and the contribution of startups to employment growth
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki, C Rammer
Strategic Alliances, 58-75, 2018
272018
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