The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

Highlights•Early viral infections shape B cell response recalled against future viral
strains.•Competition between memory and naïve B cells occurs in secondary viral …

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to
escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive …

Influenza vaccines have been available for over 80 years. They have contributed to
significant reductions in influenza morbidity and mortality. However, there have been …

Sterilising immunity that blocks infection for life, and thus prevents illness after infection, is
the ultimate goal for vaccines. Neither influenza infection nor vaccination provide sterilising …

Influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to human and animal health worldwide. Recent
studies in mouse models have revealed an indispensable role for the innate immune system …

Universal influenza virus vaccines: need for clinical trials | Nature Immunology Skip to main
content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support …

Numerous modern technological and scientific advances have changed the vaccine
industry. However, nearly 70 years of influenza vaccine usage have passed without …

Influenza is a major respiratory pathogen causing annual outbreaks and occasional
pandemics. Influenza vaccination is the major method of prophylaxis. Currently annual …

Influenza vaccines remain the most effective tools to prevent flu and its complications.
Trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines primarily elicit antibodies towards …