… level in humans. Repeated pairing of TMS to the primary motor cortex with low-intensity …
stimulation to activate Ia afferents can induce spinal cord plasticity. An increase in ‘conditioned H-…

… 2 s, and at least 5 s had passed since the last stimulus, a stimulus pulse elicited the H-reflex
and M-wave. In conditioning trials, the background EMG graph was shown, and, in addition, …

… The facilitated conditioned H-reflexes therefore have to be caused by changes in … the
stimulation site and the α-motoneurons in the spinal cord. When tested with M1 conditioning, …

… paradigm of spinal cord stimulation in complete spinal cord injured … space over the posterior
structures of the lumbar cord (7). … jerk amplitudes by conditioning noxious stimulation applied …

… test (CT) represents the interval between the conditioning stimulus train and the stimulus …
For each subject and conditioning stimulation intensity, the conditioned ELFR and the LLFR …

… Gross anatomy of the spinal cord. (A) The human spine is covered by bony segments (…
used in studies of Pavlovian conditioning with electrophysiological stimulation, like the outcome …

… Spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans may result from a variety of different injury mechanisms,
… Potentiated responses were obtained in response to conditioning stimuli at 100 ms and110 …

… In animals and humans, an operant conditioning protocol can strengthen or weaken the …
at least 5 s had passed since the last stimulus, a stimulus pulse was delivered. For control or …

… mostly studied by applying single stimuli or conditioning test paradigms. The emphasis in …
We examined repetitive stimulation in spinal cord injury subjects and showed regularly elicited …

… nerve stimulation or functional electrical stimulation) or cortex (repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation… Indeed, initial studies in animals and humans with incomplete SCI indicate that …