The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of Doppler sonography (DS)
and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) on 3T MRI increases specificity for detection of …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by
stenosies of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins (IJVs-AZ) with opening of collaterals …

CCSVI is the acronym for Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency, initially described by
P. Zamboni, as being strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a syndrome …

Background and purpose A new treatable venous disorder, chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI), has been proposed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Its …

The hypothesis that extra-cranial venous flow abnormalities leading to a stagnant venous
return contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has generated passionate …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system, believed to be triggered by an autoimmune reaction to myelin …

Opinion statement Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relapsing and progressive disorder of the
central nervous system. It is characterized most commonly by episodes of clinical worsening …

Background We investigated the association between chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) and cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, we …

Objectives: A chronic state of impaired cerebral and cervical venous drainage, termed
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has recently been implicated in the …

This review summarizes the research to date on chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI). CCSVI was initially defined as a clinical syndrome comprising stenoses of the …