While previous studies have assessed changes in corticospinal excitability following
voluntary contraction coupled with electrical stimulation (ES), we sought to examine, for the …

Afferent input caused by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve increases corticospinal
excitability during voluntary contractions, indicating that proprioceptive sensory input arriving …

Prolonged changes in primary motor cortex excitability in response to combined
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and voluntary contraction with motor evoked …

Background In humans, corticospinal excitability is known to increase following motor
electrical stimulation (ES) designed to mimic a voluntary contraction. However, whether the …

Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) is a common clinical technique known to induce
changes in corticomotor excitability; PES applied to induce a tetanic motor contraction …

Paired corticospinal-motoneuronal stimulation (PCMS), which delivers repeated pairs of
transcranial magnetic stimuli (TMS) and maximal motor nerve stimuli, can alter corticospinal …

Studies of activity-dependent stimulation in non-human primates suggest that pairing each
instance of volitional muscle activity with immediate intracortical stimulation causes long …

Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) induces proprioceptive afferents and
facilitates corticospinal excitability. Short-term sessions of rPMS combined with motor …

Chipchase LS, Schabrun SM, Hodges PW. Corticospinal excitability is dependent on the
parameters of peripheral electric stimulation: a preliminary study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate …

Background The combination of voluntary effort and functional electrical stimulation (ES)
appears to have a greater potential to induce plasticity in the motor cortex than either …