Macrophages respond to external stimuli with rapid changes in expression of many genes.
Different combinations of external stimuli lead to distinct polarized activation patterns …

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a
posttranscriptional level and play a crucial role in the development of cells of the immune …

Inflammation involves a coordinated, sequential, and self limiting sequence of events
controlled by positive and negative regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that …

Diversity and plasticity are the hallmarks of cells from the monocyte–macrophage lineage.
Macrophages undergo classical M1 or alternative M2 activation in response to the …

Inflammation is essential to combat invading microbial pathogens. In this process, the
involvement of multiple immune cell populations is crucial in mounting an optimum immune …

The mammalian inflammatory response to infection involves the induction of several
hundred genes, a process that must be carefully regulated to achieve pathogen clearance …

Inflammatory M1 spectrum macrophages protect from infection but can cause inflammatory
disease and tissue damage, whereas alternatively activated/M2 spectrum macrophages …

microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein-coding genes via
posttranscriptional repression. Most protein-coding genes are subjected to microRNA …

Monocytes and macrophages are important components of the immune system, specialized
in either removing pathogens as part of innate immunity or contributing to adaptive immunity …

Macrophage activation is a central event in immune responses. Macrophages undergoing
classical activation (M1 macrophages) are proinflammatory, whereas alternatively activated …